The main task of lighting in production is to create such working conditions that can ensure the maximum efficiency of the work of employees in industrial buildings or territories. Lighting should correspond to the type of work performed, increase safety, create a positive mood among employees, and increase productivity. This section covers all the features of industrial lighting. Below you will find articles about which lamps and lights to use and many other questions.
Rules of lighting in production
Industrial lighting rules are regulated by SNiP, depending on the nature of the work there are 8 lighting standards.
The main requirements for the lighting scheme of most types of production are:
- uniformity of light, exclude sharp shadows or unplanned dynamics of light to delay eye fatigue;
- in rooms with people, the presence of natural lighting is mandatory;
- exclude the possibility of blinding;
- the color rendering of artificial main light sources should be as close as possible to the natural spectrum;
- appropriate level of security;
- economy and high reliability class of lighting equipment.
Types of industrial lighting
Lighting can be general, local or combined in the areas where the equipment is placed. Joint taking into account the location of workplaces will be localized at the same time.
Natural lighting of any premises, including industrial ones, can be top, side or combined. As a rule, it is not enough, especially in bad weather, dark time of day or due to the lack of openings for light. Therefore, it is supplemented with artificial lighting:
- work should be: general (for the same type of work in the entire territory or in office and warehouse premises), local (for types of activities of I-III categories or in buildings with wide spans);
- emergency – when the supply of main lighting is interrupted in an emergency situation, the minimum norm is 2 lux, mainly emergency LED lamps are used, which are described here;
- evacuation – for lighting evacuation routes in the premises, the norm is 0.5 lux;
- security – along the borders of the territories, the norm is 0.5 lux;
- regular – for use during non-working hours;
- erythematous – contains the spectrum of light necessary for a person to replace sunlight in rooms without windows or in polar night conditions;
- bactericidal – ultraviolet for indoor air disinfection;
- signaling – to limit and illuminate dangerous areas.
For each type, there are groups of lamps that optimally perform their functions in different conditions.
Types of lamps for industrial lighting
All lamps to one degree or another can be found in production, but the most often used to provide light for large work spaces are:
- direct tubular fluorescent lamps – suspended modular systems or raster lamps, which you can read about here;
- erythematous fluorescent lamps – in basements or warehouses without windows;
- halogen lamps and mirror lamps – for creating point or local lighting;
- sodium gas-discharge DNATs and mercury DRYs are the best option for main lighting in pendant lights or on high ceilings, as they have the highest degree of light output, are less susceptible to the influence of voltage drops in the network and, at the same time, are economical;
- fluorescent shaped, incandescent or LED – for signal, duty, security and other types of non-working lighting.
Luminaires also have special features – one of the most important indicators is dust protection, as they must maintain light efficiency with infrequent maintenance.
Luminaires can differ in the installation option, in special conditions they must be waterproof, impact-resistant, explosion-proof, resistant to the influence of aggressive environments, and dust-proof.
- Nothing should be emitted from lamps in the production of food products during operation.
- An opaque screen in the lamp or installing it at a high height will eliminate the appearance of glare.
- The beam of light in spotlights should be slightly blurred when working with mirror surfaces.
- Frosted glass that diffuses light in the lamp can remove the shadow effect.
- A lamp with a voltage stabilizer or a gas discharge lamp will protect against flickering of light due to voltage drops in the network.
A properly selected reflector can also significantly increase the efficiency of the lamp.
The work of lighting in production is the longest compared to other types of farms and can even take place continuously. Workers spend 8 hours in workshops, while their vision is used constantly. The correct organization of lighting in production plays a primary role, as it can increase the efficiency of the staff by an average of 10% and significantly save electricity costs, which will directly affect the profitability of the enterprise as a whole.